Arsenic distillation ndi njira yoyeretsera

The arsenic distillation and purification process ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kusakhazikika kwa arsenic ndi mankhwala ake kuti alekanitse ndi kuyeretsa, makamaka oyenera kuchotsa sulfure, selenium, tellurium ndi zonyansa zina mu arsenic.Nazi njira zazikulu ndi malingaliro:

1.Kukonzekera kwazinthu zopangira

• Magwero a arsenic wopanda pake: Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa posungunula mchere wokhala ndi arsenic (monga arsenite, realgar) kapena zinyalala zomwe zimakhala ndi arsenic.
• Kuwotcha kwa okosijeni(ngati mukufuna): Ngati zopangirazo ndi arsenic sulfide (mwachitsanzo As₂S₃), ziyenera kuotchedwa kaye kuti zisinthe kukhala As₂O₃

As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2

2.Distillation unit

• Zida: Quartz kapena ceramic akadali (kusagwirizana ndi dzimbiri, kutentha kwambiri), yokhala ndi chubu cha condenser ndi botolo lolandirira.
• Chitetezo chambiri: Nayitrojeni kapena mpweya woipa umayambitsidwa kuti ateteze arsenic oxidation kapena ngozi ya kuphulika (nthunzi ya arsenic imatha kuyaka).

3.Njira ya distillation

• Kuwongolera kutentha:
  • Arsenic sublimation: As₂O₃ sublimation pa 500-600 °C (kutsika kwa arsenic koyera pafupifupi 615 °C).
  • Kulekanitsa zonyansa: zonyansa zowira pang'ono monga sulfure ndi selenium zimatenthedwa bwino ndipo zimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa magawo.
• Kusonkhanitsa condensation: Mpweya wa arsenic umasungunuka kukhala As₂O₃ kapena elemental arsenic mu condensation zone (100-200°C).

4.Pambuyo pokonza

• Kuchepetsa(ngati elemental arsenic ikufunika): Kuchepetsa kwa As₂O₃ ndi kaboni kapena hydrogen

As2O3+3H2→2As+3H2OAs2O3+3H2→2As+3H2O

• Vacuum distillation: kuyeretsa kwina kwa elemental arsenic kuchotsa zotsalira zosakhazikika.

5.Kusamalitsa

• Chitetezo cha toxicosis: Ntchito yonseyi ndi yotsekedwa, yokhala ndi arsenic leakage kuzindikira ndi zipangizo zadzidzidzi.
• Chithandizo cha gasi la mchira: Pambuyo pa condensation, mpweya wa mchira umayenera kuyamwa ndi sopo solution (monga NaOH) kapena activated carbon adsorption kuti apewe As₂O₃mpweya.
• Kusungirako zitsulo za Arsenic: kusungidwa mumlengalenga kuti mupewe makutidwe ndi okosijeni kapena kuwonda.

6. ChiyeroKuwongola

• Multi-siteji distillation: Distillation mobwerezabwereza imatha kusintha chiyero kupitirira 99.99%.
• Zone kusungunuka (posankha): Kuyenga chigawo cha elemental arsenic kuti muchepetse zodetsa zachitsulo.

Minda yofunsira

High-purity arsenic imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu za semiconductor (mwachitsanzo, GaAsmakhiristo), zowonjezera za aloyi, kapena kupanga magalasi apadera. Pma roces ayenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi kutsata zinyalala.