Njira yoyeretsera ndi kuyeretsa Arsenic

Njira yoyeretsera ndi kuyeretsa arsenic ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa kusinthasintha kwa arsenic ndi mankhwala ake kuti ilekanitse ndikuyeretsa, makamaka yoyenera kuchotsa sulfure, selenium, tellurium ndi zonyansa zina mu arsenic.Nazi njira zazikulu ndi zofunikira:

1.Kusamalira zinthu zopangira

• Magwero a arsenic yosaphika: nthawi zambiri zimakhala ngati chinthu chochokera ku kusungunula kwa mchere wokhala ndi arsenic (monga arsenite, realgar) kapena zinyalala zobwezerezedwanso zokhala ndi arsenic.
• Kuwotcha ndi okosijeni(ngati mukufuna): Ngati zinthu zopangira ndi arsenic sulfide (monga As₂S₃), ziyenera kuotchedwa kaye kuti zisinthe kukhala volatile As₂O₃

As2S3+9O2→As2O3+3SO2As2S3+9O2→As2​O3​+3SO2​

2.Chipinda choyeretsera

• Zipangizo: Quartz kapena ceramic still (yosagwira dzimbiri, yosagwira kutentha kwambiri), yokhala ndi chubu cha condenser ndi botolo lolandirira.
• Chitetezo chosagwira ntchito: Nayitrogeni kapena carbon dioxide imalowetsedwa kuti iteteze kusungunuka kwa arsenic kapena chiopsezo cha kuphulika (nthunzi ya arsenic imatha kuyaka).

3.Njira yosungunula

• Kulamulira kutentha:
  • Kuponderezedwa kwa Arsenic: As₂O₃ sublimation pa 500-600 °C (pure arsenic sublimation pa pafupifupi 615 °C).
  • Kulekanitsa zonyansa: zinthu zonyansa zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri monga sulfure ndi selenium zimasinthasintha kwambiri ndipo zimatha kulekanitsidwa ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi m'magawo.
• Kusonkhanitsa kwa madzi oundana: Nthunzi ya Arsenic imasungunuka kukhala As₂O₃ kapena elemental arsenic m'dera la condensation (100-200°C).).

4.Kukonza pambuyo

• Kuchepetsa(ngati chinthu chofunikira cha arsenic chikufunika): Kuchepetsa As₂O₃ ndi kaboni kapena haidrojeni

As2O3+3H2→2As+3H2OAs2O3+3H2→2As+3H2O

• Kuyenga ndi vacuum: kuyeretsa kwambiri kwa arsenic yoyambira kuti muchotse zonyansa zotsalira.

5.Kusamalitsa

• Chitetezo cha poizoni: Ntchito yonseyi ndi yotsekedwa, yokhala ndi zida zodziwira kutayikira kwa arsenic komanso chithandizo chadzidzidzi.
• Chithandizo cha mpweya woipa wa mchira: Pambuyo pa kuzizira, mpweya wammbuyo uyenera kuyamwa ndi yankho la lye (monga NaOH) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya woyatsidwa kuti upewe As₂O₃mpweya woipa.
• Kusungiramo zitsulo za Arsenic: kusungidwa mumlengalenga wopanda mpweya kuti zisawonongeke ndi okosijeni kapena kusungunuka.

6. ChiyeroKupititsa patsogolo

• Kutulutsa madzi m'magawo ambiri: Kuthira madzi mobwerezabwereza kungathandize kuti kuyera kukhale kopitirira 99.99%.
• Kusungunuka kwa malo (ngati mukufuna): Kuyeretsa malo a elemental arsenic kuti muchepetse kuipitsidwa kwachitsulo.

Minda yogwiritsira ntchito

Arsenic yoyera kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu za semiconductor (monga GaAs).makhiristo), zowonjezera za aloyi, kapena popanga magalasi apadera. PMaofesi ayenera kutsatira malamulo okhwima okhudza chilengedwe kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi kutaya zinyalala motsatira malamulo.