Kuyeretsa selenium yoyera kwambiri (≥99.999%) kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza njira zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala zochotsera zinyalala monga Te, Pb, Fe, ndi As. Zotsatirazi ndi njira zofunika kwambiri:
1. Kusungunula kwa Vacuum
Kuyenda kwa Njira:
1. Ikani selenium yosaphikidwa (≥99.9%) mu crucible ya quartz mkati mwa uvuni woyeretsera wa vacuum.
2. Tenthetsani mpaka 300-500°C pansi pa vacuum (1-100 Pa) kwa mphindi 60-180.
3. Nthunzi ya selenium imaundana mu condenser ya magawo awiri (gawo lotsika ndi tinthu ta Pb/Cu, gawo lapamwamba losonkhanitsira selenium).
4. Kusonkhanitsa selenium kuchokera ku condenser yapamwamba; 碲(Te) ndi zinthu zina zonyansa zomwe zimawira kwambiri zimatsalira pagawo lotsika.
Magawo:
- Kutentha: 300-500°C
- Kupanikizika: 1-100 Pa
- Zipangizo zokonzetsera: Quartz kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Kuyeretsa Mankhwala + Kutulutsa Vacuum
Kuyenda kwa Njira:
1. Kutenthedwa kwa Oxidation: Selenium yopanda kanthu (99.9%) yokhala ndi O₂ pa 500°C kuti ipange mpweya wa SeO₂ ndi TeO₂.
2. Kutulutsa Zosungunulira: Sungunulani SeO₂ mu yankho la ethanol-water, sefani TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Kuchepetsa: Gwiritsani ntchito hydrazine (N₂H₄) kuti muchepetse SeO₂ kukhala selenium yoyambira.
4. Deep De-Te: Oxidize selenium kachiwiri kukhala SeO₄²⁻, kenako chotsani Te pogwiritsa ntchito solvent extraction.
5. Final Vacuum Distillation: Yeretsani selenium pa 300-500°C ndi 1-100 Pa kuti mupeze chiyero cha 6N (99.9999%).
Magawo:
- Kutentha kwa okosijeni: 500°C
- Mlingo wa Hydrazine: Wochuluka kuti muchepetse kwathunthu.
3. Kuyeretsa kwa Electrolytic
Kuyenda kwa Njira:
1. Gwiritsani ntchito electrolyte (monga selenous acid) yokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ya 5-10 A/dm².
2. Selenium imayikidwa pa cathode, pomwe selenium oxides imasinthasintha pa anode.
Magawo:
- Kuchuluka kwa magetsi: 5-10 A/dm²
- Electrolyte: Selenous acid kapena selenate solution.
4. Kuchotsa zosungunulira
Kuyenda kwa Njira:
1. Chotsani Se⁴⁺ kuchokera mu yankho pogwiritsa ntchito TBP (tributyl phosphate) kapena TOA (trioctylamine) mu hydrochloric kapena sulfuric acid media.
2. Chotsani selenium ndi kuipitsa, kenako ikaninso.
Magawo:
- Chotsitsa: TBP (HCl medium) kapena TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Chiwerengero cha magawo: 2-3.
5. Kusungunuka kwa Malo
Kuyenda kwa Njira:
1. Sungunulani mobwerezabwereza ma ingot a selenium kuti muchotse zonyansa zochepa.
2. Yoyenera kukwaniritsa chiyero cha >5N kuchokera ku zinthu zoyambira zoyera kwambiri.
Chidziwitso: Imafuna zida zapadera ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Chithunzi Chofotokozera
Kuti muwone zithunzi, onani ziwerengero zotsatirazi kuchokera m'mabuku:
- Kukhazikitsa kwa Vacuum Distillation: Ndondomeko ya makina a condenser a magawo awiri.
- Chithunzi cha Gawo la Se-Te: Chikuwonetsa zovuta zopatukana chifukwa cha malo otsekeka.
Zolemba
- Kuyenga ndi kutsuka ndi vacuum ndi njira zamankhwala:
- Kutulutsa kwa electrolytic ndi solvent:
- Njira zamakono ndi zovuta:
Nthawi yotumizira: Mar-21-2025