Dziwani zambiri za Bismuth

Bismuth ndi chitsulo choyera cha silvery kupita ku pinki chomwe chimakhala chophwanyika komanso chosavuta kuphwanya. Mankhwala ake amakhala okhazikika. Bismuth ilipo mwachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe azitsulo zaulere ndi mchere.
1. [Chilengedwe]
Bismuth yoyera ndi chitsulo chofewa, pamene bismuth yodetsedwa ndi brittle. Ndiwokhazikika kutentha kwa chipinda. Mafuta ake akuluakulu ndi bismuthinite (Bi2S5) ndi bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). Bismuth yamadzimadzi imakula ikakhazikika.
Ndi brittle ndipo ilibe mphamvu zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe. Bismuth selenide ndi telluride ali ndi semiconductor properties.
Chitsulo cha Bismuth ndi choyera cha silvery (pinki) chowunikira chitsulo chonyezimira chachikasu, chonyezimira komanso chosavuta kuphwanya; pa kutentha kwa firiji, bismuth sichita ndi mpweya kapena madzi ndipo imakhala yokhazikika mumlengalenga. Zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zamagetsi ndi matenthedwe; Bismuth poyamba ankaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chokhazikika kwambiri chokhala ndi atomiki yaikulu kwambiri, koma mu 2003, anapeza kuti bismuth imakhala yochepa kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwola kukhala thallium-205 kupyolera mu kuwonongeka kwa α. Theka la moyo wake ndi pafupifupi 1.9X10 ^ zaka 19, zomwe ndi nthawi 1 biliyoni moyo wa chilengedwe chonse.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito
semiconductor
Zigawo za semiconductor zopangidwa ndi kuphatikiza bismuth yapamwamba-yoyera ndi tellurium, selenium, antimoni, etc. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa ma air conditioners ndi mafiriji. Bismuth sulfide yochita kupanga ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma photoresistors mu zipangizo za photoelectric kuti awonjezere kukhudzidwa mu dera lowoneka bwino.
Makampani a Nyukiliya
Bismuth yoyera kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira kutentha kapena choziziritsa m'mafakitale a nyukiliya komanso ngati chinthu choteteza zida za atomiki.
Electronic Ceramics
Bismuth-containing electronic ceramics monga bismuth germanate crystals ndi mtundu watsopano wa scintillating makhiristo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za nyukiliya , X-ray tomography scanners , electro-optics, piezoelectric lasers ndi zipangizo zina; bismuth calcium vanadium (pomegranate ferrite ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha microwave gyromagnetic material and magnetic cladding material), bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, bismuth-containing boundary layer high-frequency ceramic capacitors, tin-bismuth permanent magnets, bismuth titanate powder, bismuth titanate kristalo wa silicate, galasi lokhala ndi bismuth lokhala ndi fusible ndi zinthu zina zopitilira 10 zayambanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani.
Chithandizo chamankhwala
Bismuth mankhwala ali ndi zotsatira za astringency, anti kutsekula m'mimba, ndi chithandizo cha m'mimba dyspepsia. Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, ndi potaziyamu bismuth subrubberate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankhwala am'mimba. The astringent zotsatira za mankhwala bismuth ntchito opaleshoni kuchiza zoopsa ndi kusiya magazi. Mu radiotherapy, ma aloyi opangidwa ndi bismuth amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa aluminiyamu kupanga mbale zodzitchinjiriza kwa odwala kuti ziwalo zina za thupi zisawonongeke ndi radiation. Ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala a bismuth, zapezeka kuti mankhwala ena a bismuth ali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi khansa.
Zowonjezera za Metallurgical
Kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa bismuth ku chitsulo kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yachitsulo, ndipo kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bismuth ku chitsulo chosungunuka kungapangitse kuti ikhale ndi zinthu zofanana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.