Dziwani zambiri za Bismuth

Bismuth ndi chitsulo choyera mpaka pinki chomwe chimaphwanyika mosavuta komanso chosavuta kuphwanya. Makhalidwe ake a mankhwala ndi okhazikika. Bismuth imapezeka mwachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a chitsulo chomasuka ndi mchere.
1. [Chilengedwe]
Bismuth yoyera ndi chitsulo chofewa, pomwe bismuth yosayera ndi yopyapyala. Imakhazikika kutentha kwa chipinda. Ma mineral ake akuluakulu ndi bismuthinite (Bi2S5) ndi bismuth ocher (Bi2o5). Bismuth yamadzimadzi imakula ikakhazikika.
Ndi yofooka ndipo ili ndi mphamvu yotsika yamagetsi komanso kutentha. Bismuth selenide ndi telluride zili ndi mphamvu ya semiconductor.
Chitsulo cha Bismuth ndi chitsulo choyera (pinki) mpaka chachikasu chowala, chophwanyika mosavuta; kutentha kwa chipinda, bismuth sichita ndi mpweya kapena madzi ndipo imakhala yokhazikika mumlengalenga. Ili ndi mphamvu yotsika yamagetsi ndi kutentha; kale bismuth inkaonedwa kuti ndi chinthu chokhazikika kwambiri chokhala ndi atomiki yayikulu kwambiri, koma mu 2003, zidapezeka kuti bismuth ndi yofooka kwambiri ndipo imatha kuwola kukhala thallium-205 kudzera mu kuwonongeka kwa α. Hafu ya moyo wake ndi pafupifupi zaka 1.9X10^19, zomwe ndi nthawi biliyoni imodzi ya moyo wa chilengedwe chonse.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito
semiconductor
Zigawo za semiconductor zopangidwa mwa kuphatikiza bismuth yoyera kwambiri ndi tellurium, selenium, antimony, ndi zina zotero, ndipo makhiristo okoka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ma thermocouples, kupanga mphamvu ya thermoelectric yotsika kutentha komanso firiji yotenthetsera. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusonkhanitsa ma air conditioner ndi mafiriji. Bismuth sulfide yopangidwa ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga ma photoresistor muzipangizo zamagetsi kuti ziwonjezere kukhudzidwa mu dera looneka la spectrum.
Makampani a Nyukiliya
Bismuth yoyera kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamulira kutentha kapena choziziritsira m'ma reactor a nyukiliya komanso ngati chinthu choteteza zida zopasuka za atomiki.
Zadothi zamagetsi
Ma ceramic amagetsi okhala ndi bismuth monga ma crystal a bismuth germanate ndi mtundu watsopano wa ma crystal opepuka omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zowunikira ma radiation a nyukiliya, ma X-ray tomography scanners, ma electro-optics, ma piezoelectric lasers ndi zida zina; bismuth calcium vanadium (pomegranate ferrite ndi chinthu chofunikira cha microwave gyromagnetic ndi maginito cladding material), bismuth oxide-doped zinc oxide varistors, bismuth-containing boundary layer high-frequency ceramic capacitors, tin-bismuth permanent magnets, bismuth titanate ceramics and powders, bismuth silicate crystals, bismuth-containing bismuth fusible glass and older materials over 10 ayambanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani.
Chithandizo chamankhwala
Mankhwala a Bismuth ali ndi zotsatira za kutsekeka kwa mitsempha, kuletsa kutsegula m'mimba, komanso kuchiza matenda a m'mimba. Bismuth subcarbonate, bismuth subnitrate, ndi potassium bismuth subrubberate zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala am'mimba. Mphamvu ya mankhwala a bismuth yotsekeka imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni pochiza kuvulala ndikuletsa kutuluka magazi. Mu radiotherapy, ma alloy ochokera ku bismuth amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa aluminiyamu kupanga mbale zoteteza odwala kuti ateteze ziwalo zina za thupi kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ndi chitukuko cha mankhwala a bismuth, zapezeka kuti mankhwala ena a bismuth ali ndi zotsatira zotsutsana ndi khansa.
Zowonjezera za Metallurgical
Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bismuth ku chitsulo kungathandize kukonza bwino chitsulocho, ndipo kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa bismuth ku chitsulo chosungunuka kungapangitse kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.