Sulfure ndi chinthu chopanda chitsulo chokhala ndi chizindikiro cha mankhwala S ndi nambala ya atomiki 16. Sulfure yoyera ndi kristalo wachikasu, wotchedwanso sulfure kapena sulufule wachikasu. Elemental sulfure sisungunuka m'madzi, sungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol, ndipo imasungunuka mosavuta mu carbon disulfideCS.2.
1.Zinthu zakuthupi
- Sulfure nthawi zambiri imakhala kristalo wachikasu wotumbululuka, wopanda fungo komanso wosakoma.
- Sulfure ili ndi ma allotropes ambiri, onse omwe amapangidwa ndi S8mamolekyu a cyclic. Zofala kwambiri ndi sulfure ya orthorhomb (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti rhombic sulfure, α-sulfure) ndi sulfure ya monoclinic (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti β-sulfure).
- Orthorhombic sulfure ndi mtundu wokhazikika wa sulfure, ndipo ukatenthedwa mpaka pafupifupi 100 ° C, ukhoza kuzizidwa kuti upeze sulfure wa monoclinic. Kutentha kwa kusintha pakati pa sulfure ya orthorhombic ndi sulfure ya monoclinic ndi 95.6 °C.orhombic sulfure ndi njira yokhayo yokhazikika ya sulfure pa kutentha kwapakati. Maonekedwe ake oyera ndi obiriwira achikasu (sulfure yomwe imagulitsidwa pamsika imawoneka yachikasu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa cycloheptasulfur). Orthorhombic sulfure imakhala yosasungunuka m'madzi, imakhala ndi matenthedwe abwino, ndi insulator yabwino yamagetsi.
- Sulfur ya Monoclinic ndi makhiristo osawerengeka onga singano omwe amatsalira akasungunuka sulfure ndikutsanulira madzi ochulukirapo. Monoclinic sulfure orthorhombic sulfure ndi mitundu ya elemental sulfure pa kutentha kosiyana. Sulfur ya Monoclinic imakhala yokhazikika pamwamba pa 95.6 ℃, ndipo pa kutentha, imasandulika kukhala orthorhombic sulfure. Malo osungunuka a sulfure ya orthorhombic ndi 112.8 ℃, malo osungunuka a sulfure wa monoclinic ndi 119 ℃. Zonsezi zimasungunuka kwambiri mu CS2.
- Palinso zotanuka sulfure. Elastic sulfure ndi chikasu chakuda, chotanuka chomwe sichisungunuka mu carbon disulfide kuposa ma allotropes sulfure. Sisungunuka m'madzi ndipo imasungunuka pang'ono mu mowa. Ngati sulfure wosungunuka watsanulidwa m'madzi ozizira, sulfure yautali wautali imakhazikika, yotambasuka sulfure. Komabe, idzaumitsa pakapita nthawi ndikukhala sulfure wa monoclinic.
2.Chemical katundu
- Sulfure imatha kuyaka mumlengalenga, ikuchita ndi mpweya kupanga sulfure dioxide (SO₂) gasi.
- Sulfure amakumana ndi ma halojeni onse akatenthedwa. Imayaka mu fluorine kupanga sulfure hexafluoride. Sulfur yamadzimadzi yokhala ndi klorini kuti ipange dichloride yomwe imakwiyitsa kwambiri (S2Cl2). Kusakaniza kofanana komwe kumakhala ndi sulfur dichloride yofiira (SCl) kumatha kupangidwa pamene klorini yachuluka komanso chothandizira, monga FeCl.3kapena SnI4,amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
- Sulfure imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi njira yotentha ya potaziyamu hydroxide (KOH) kupanga potaziyamu sulfide ndi potaziyamu thiosulfate.
- Sulphure samachita ndi madzi komanso ma acid omwe si oxidizing. Sulfure imakumana ndi asidi wotentha wa nitric ndi sulfuric acid wokhazikika ndipo imatha kupangidwa kukhala sulfuric acid ndi sulfure dioxide.
3.Munda wa ntchito
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale
Ntchito yaikulu ya sulfure ndi kupanga mankhwala a sulfure monga sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfure dioxide, carbon disulfide, dichloride disulfure, phosphorous trichlorosulfonated, phosphorous sulfide, ndi zitsulo zachitsulo. Zoposa 80% za sulfure zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga sulfuric acid. Sulfure imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri popanga mphira wovunda. Pamene mphira yaiwisi imatenthedwa kukhala mphira wovunda, imakhala yolimba kwambiri, mphamvu yolimbana ndi kutentha, komanso insolubility mu zosungunulira za organic. Zopangira mphira zambiri zimapangidwa ndi mphira wovunda, womwe umapangidwa pochita mphira yaiwisi ndi ma accelerator pa kutentha ndi kupsinjika kwina. Sulfure imafunikanso pakupanga ufa wakuda ndi machesi, ndipo ndi imodzi mwazopangira zowombera moto. Kuphatikiza apo, sulfure angagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga utoto wa sulfure ndi inki. Mwachitsanzo, calcining osakaniza kaolin, carbon, sulfure, diatomaceous earth, kapena quartz ufa akhoza kupanga blue pigment wotchedwa ultramarine. Makampani opanga ma bleach ndi makampani opanga mankhwala amadyanso gawo limodzi la sulfure.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Sulfure ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamankhwala ambiri akhungu. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta a tung amatenthedwa ndi sulfonate kuti sulfonate ndi sulfure acid ndiyeno amachotsedwa ndi ammonia madzi kuti apeze mafuta a sulfonated tung. Mafuta 10% opangidwa kuchokera pamenepo ali ndi anti-inflammatory and deelling effect ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana akhungu ndi kutupa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-09-2024