Selenium, monga zinthu zofunika za semiconductor komanso zopangira mafakitale, zimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi chiyero chake. Panthawi yoyeretsa distillation ya vacuum, zonyansa za okosijeni ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kuyera kwa selenium. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera mpweya wa okosijeni panthawi yoyeretsa selenium pogwiritsa ntchito vacuum distillation.

I. Kuchepetsa Zomwe Zili ndi Oxygen mu Raw Material Pretreatment Stage

1. Kuyeretsedwa Koyambirira kwa Zida Zopangira

Selenium yaiwisi imakhala ndi zonyansa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma oxides. Musanalowe mu vacuum distillation system, njira zoyeretsera mankhwala ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa ma oxides apansi. Njira zoyeretsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi:

• Dilute hydrochloric acid solution (5-10% concentration): Amasungunula bwino ma oxides monga SeO₂
• Ethanol kapena acetone: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa zowononga zamoyo
• Madzi osungunula: Ma rinse angapo kuchotsa asidi otsalira

Mukamaliza kuyeretsa, kuyanika kumayenera kuchitidwa pansi pa mpweya wa inert (mwachitsanzo, Ar kapena N₂) mpweya kuti mupewe kutulutsanso okosijeni.

2. Chithandizo cha Pre-Reduction of Raw Eating

Kuchepetsa chithandizo cha zinthu zopangira musanayambe kutulutsa vacuum kungachepetse kwambiri mpweya:

• Kuchepetsa kwa haidrojeni: Yambitsani hydrogen yoyera kwambiri (kuyera ≥99.999%) pa 200-300 ° C kuti muchepetse SeO₂ kukhala elemental selenium
• Kuchepetsa kwa Carbothermal: Sakanizani selenium yaiwisi yaiwisi ndi ufa wa kaboni wapamwamba kwambiri ndi kutentha mpaka 400-500 ° C pansi pa vacuum kapena mpweya wopanda mpweya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Kuchepetsa sulfide: Mipweya monga H₂S imatha kuchepetsa ma selenium oxides pakutentha kocheperako.

II. Kupanga ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Ntchito ya Vacuum Distillation System

1. Kusankha ndi Kukonzekera kwa Vacuum System

Malo okhala ndi vacuum wambiri ndi ofunikira kuti muchepetse mpweya wa okosijeni:

• Gwiritsani ntchito pampu yolumikizira + kuphatikiza pampu yamakina, yokhala ndi vacuum yomaliza yofikira 10⁻⁴ Pa
• Dongosololi liyenera kukhala ndi msampha wozizira kuti mupewe kufalikira kwa nthunzi yamafuta
• Malumikizidwe onse akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zisindikizo zachitsulo kuti asatuluke ndi zosindikizira za rabara
• Dongosololi liyenera kutenthedwa mokwanira (200-250 ° C, maola 12-24)

2. Kuwongolera Molondola kwa Distillation Kutentha ndi Kupanikizika

Mulingo woyenera kwambiri zophatikizira magawo:

• Kutentha kwa distillation: Kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa 220-280 ° C (pansi pa kuwira kwa selenium 685 ° C)
• Kupanikizika kwadongosolo: Kusungidwa pakati pa 1-10 Pa
• Kutentha kwapakati: 5-10 ° C / min kuti mupewe kutuluka kwamphamvu ndi kulowetsedwa
• Kutentha kwa chigawo cha condensation: Kusungidwa pa 50-80 ° C kuti zitsimikizire kuti selenium condensation wathunthu

3. Multi-Stage Distillation Technology

Ma distillation angapo amatha kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka kwa okosijeni:

• Gawo loyamba: Kusungunula movutikira kuchotsa zonyansa zambiri zomwe zimawonongeka
• Gawo lachiwiri: Kuwongolera bwino kutentha kuti mutenge gawo lalikulu
• Gawo lachitatu: Kutentha kochepa, kusungunula pang'onopang'ono kuti mupeze mankhwala oyeretsedwa kwambiri
  Kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa condensation kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa magawo a condensation wagawo

III. Njira Zothandizira Zothandizira

1. Inert Gasi Chitetezo Technology

Ngakhale zimagwira ntchito mopanda vacuum, kuyambitsa koyenera kwa gasi woyeretsa kwambiri kumathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya:

• Pambuyo pochotsa dongosololi, lembani ndi argon apamwamba kwambiri (kuyera ≥99.9995%) mpaka 1000 Pa
• Gwiritsani ntchito chitetezo champhamvu cha gasi, kupitiliza kuyambitsa pang'ono argon (10-20 sccm)
• Ikani zoyeretsera gasi zamphamvu kwambiri m'malo olowera mpweya kuti muchotse mpweya wotsalira ndi chinyezi

2. Kuwonjezera kwa Oxygen Scavengers

Kuonjezera zochotsera mpweya zoyenera kuzinthu zopangira kungathe kuchepetsa mpweya wabwino:

• Magnesium zitsulo: Kugwirizana kwamphamvu kwa mpweya, kupanga MgO
• Aluminiyamu ufa: Ikhoza kuchotsa mpweya ndi sulfure panthawi imodzi
• Zitsulo zapadziko lapansi zosawerengeka: Monga Y, La, ndi zina, zokhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zochotsa mpweya
  Kuchuluka kwa scavenger okosijeni nthawi zambiri ndi 0.1-0.5 wt% ya zopangira; Kuchuluka kwa selenium kungakhudze chiyero cha selenium

3. Ukadaulo Wosefera Wosungunuka

Kusefa selenium yosungunuka musanayambe distillation:

• Gwiritsani ntchito zosefera za quartz kapena ceramic zokhala ndi pore kukula kwa 1-5 μm
• Sinthani kutentha kwa kusefera pa 220-250 ° C
• Itha kuchotsa tinthu tating'ono ta okusayidi
• Zosefera ziyenera kuyeretsedwa kale pansi pa vacuum yayikulu

IV. Pambuyo pa Chithandizo ndi Kusunga

1. Kusonkhanitsa ndi Kusamalira Zinthu

• Chojambulira cha condenser chiyenera kupangidwa kuti chizitha kuchotsedwa kuti chipezeke mosavuta m'malo opanda mpweya
• Ingots za selenium zosonkhanitsidwa ziyenera kuikidwa mu bokosi la glove la argon
• Kukongoletsa pamwamba kumatha kuchitika ngati kuli kofunikira kuti muchotse zigawo zomwe zingachitike

2. Kusunga Makhalidwe Osungira

• Malo osungira ayenera kukhala owuma (mame ≤-60 ° C)
• Gwiritsani ntchito zomata zomata kawiri zodzaza ndi gasi woyeretsa kwambiri
• Kutentha kovomerezeka kosungirako kuchepera 20°C
• Pewani kuyatsa kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa photocatalytic oxidation

V. Kuwongolera Ubwino ndi Kuyesa

1. Online Monitoring Technology

• Ikani ma analyzer a gasi otsalira (RGA) kuti muwunikire kupanikizika pang'ono kwa okosijeni munthawi yeniyeni
• Gwiritsani ntchito masensa a okosijeni kuti muwongolere zomwe zili mu mpweya woteteza
• Gwiritsani ntchito ma infrared spectroscopy kuti muzindikire nsonga za mayamwidwe a Se-O bond

2. Anamaliza Product Analysis

• Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyamwitsa gas fusion-infrared kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa okosijeni
• Sekondale ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) kusanthula kugawa kwa oxygen
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) kuti azindikire momwe zinthu zilili pamtunda

Kupyolera mu njira zonse zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, mpweya wa okosijeni ukhoza kuwongoleredwa pansi pa 1 ppm panthawi yoyeretsa distillation ya selenium, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito selenium. Pakupanga kwenikweni, magawo amachitidwe amayenera kukonzedwa malinga ndi momwe zida ziliri komanso zofunikira zazinthu, ndipo njira yoyendetsera bwino iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.