Zatsopano mu Ukadaulo Wosungunula Malo

1. ‌Kupambana mu Kukonzekera Zinthu Zoyera Kwambiri‌
Zipangizo Zochokera ku Silicon: Kuyera kwa makristalo amodzi a silicon kwapitirira ‌13N (99.9999999999%) pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya floating zone (FZ), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri (monga IGBTs) ndi ma chip apamwamba ‌45 agwire ntchito. Ukadaulo uwu umachepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa okosijeni kudzera mu njira yopanda crucible ndipo umaphatikiza njira za silane CVD ndi Siemens zosinthidwa kuti zipange bwino polysilicon yosungunuka ya zone-grade 47.
Zipangizo za Germanium‌: Kuyeretsa bwino kwa malo osungunuka kwakweza chiyero cha germanium kufika pa ‌13N‌, ndi ma coefficients ogawa zodetsa bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito mu infrared optics ndi radiation detector‌23. Komabe, kuyanjana pakati pa germanium yosungunuka ndi zipangizo zamagetsi pa kutentha kwakukulu kumakhalabe vuto lalikulu‌23.
2. Zatsopano mu Njira ndi Zipangizo
Kulamulira Ma Parameter Olimba: Kusintha kwa liwiro la kayendedwe ka malo osungunuka, kutentha kwa nthaka, ndi malo oteteza mpweya—kuphatikiza ndi kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni ndi machitidwe odziyimira pawokha—kwawonjezera kukhazikika kwa njira ndi kubwerezabwereza pamene kumachepetsa kuyanjana pakati pa germanium/silicon ndi zida​​27.
Kupanga kwa Polysilicon: Njira zatsopano zowonjezerera polysilicon yosungunuka m'malo osiyanasiyana zimathetsa mavuto owongolera kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'njira zachikhalidwe, kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonjezera zokolola47.
3. Kuphatikiza Ukadaulo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zosiyanasiyana
Kusakaniza Makristalo Osungunuka: Njira zosungunulira makristalo osungunuka opanda mphamvu zambiri zikugwirizanitsidwa kuti zithandizire kulekanitsa ndi kuyeretsa zinthu zachilengedwe, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kusungunulira malo m'mafakitale ndi mankhwala abwino.
Ma Semiconductor a M'badwo Wachitatu: Kusungunuka kwa malo tsopano kukugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopingasa monga ‌silicon carbide (SiC)‌ ndi ‌gallium nitride (GaN)‌, zomwe zimathandiza zipangizo zamafupipafupi komanso kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wa ng'anjo yamadzimadzi ya single-phase crystal umalola kukula kwa kristalo ya SiC yokhazikika kudzera mu kulamulira kutentha molondola‌15.
4. Zochitika Zosiyanasiyana Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Photovoltaics: Polysilicon yosungunuka m'malo osiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maselo a dzuwa omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kwa magetsi kukhale kopitilira 26% komanso kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Ukadaulo wa Infrared ndi Detector: Geranium yoyera kwambiri imalola kujambula zithunzi za infrared zazing'ono komanso zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zida zowonera usiku kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'misika yankhondo, yachitetezo, komanso ya anthu wamba.
5. Mavuto ndi Malangizo a M'tsogolo
Malire Ochotsera Zodetsa: Njira zamakono zimavutika kuchotsa zinyalala zomwe zimapezeka mu kuwala (monga boron, phosphorous), zomwe zimafuna njira zatsopano zopangira doping kapena ukadaulo wowongolera malo osungunuka.
Kukhalitsa kwa Zipangizo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Mwanzeru: Kafukufuku akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga zipangizo zotenthetsera zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri komanso zosagwira dzimbiri komanso njira zotenthetsera zamagetsi kuti zichepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa zida. Ukadaulo wochotsa vacuum arc (VAR) ukuwonetsa kuti udzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chokonzanso zitsulo47.
Ukadaulo wosungunula malo ukupita patsogolo kupita ku chiyero chokwera, mtengo wotsika, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu, kulimbitsa udindo wake ngati mwala wapangodya mu semiconductors, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, ndi optoelectronics